Дополнения к правилам урока 38

Разделительные вопросы могут начинаться с отрицания и заканчиваться переспросом в утвердительной форме.

Например

The City is not very big, is it?

He didn't take a mini-cab, did he?

You haven't been to London, have you?

12. Make questions as in the examples:

• Example	London You haven't been to London, have you?
England New York the USA Paris France

 

• Example	London
	London hasn't got a distinct
	character, has it?
	the City
	Westminster
	the West End
	Threadneedle Street
	New York
	Paris
	Moscow

 

Role play.

Imagine you are speaking with an English businessman. Ask him a few questions about London and also show how much you know about it. Then he will ask you a few questions about your town. An­swer these questions.

Unit forty three

Driving a car

Text

One of the evenings Mr. Hill and a few participants decided to go to the cinema to see the film, the latest Oscar Award winner. Before the film was to start they had an hour at their disposal. And they decided to have a ride around London by Mr. Hill's car.

David: What would you like to see during this hour in London?

Anton: And what would you recommend?

David: We might have a ride through this entertainment area around Leicester Square and then through the Strand fa­mous for its rich hotels. Then we could also drive to St Paul's Cathedral. It looks majestic in the evening lights.

Anton: We would be glad to see all that.

David: Then let's start the journey.

Anton: ... By the way, I know that when you were in Russia you hired a car and drove it a few days. Was it very difficult to drive on the right?

David: Oh, it was very difficult at first. It was necessary to con­centrate... especially when I wanted to overtake. But the hardest were roundabouts. Well, you know, we Englishmen have always driven on the left and are accustomed to that.

Anton: Did you usuaully find the ways very easily?

David: I wouldn't say so. Once it was terrible. I was in a traffic jam for an hour and then I got lost. But finally everything was all right. I should let bygones be bygones.

Anton: I always wonder how fast your cars and buses go along these narrow streets. It is fantastic. You must be all very good drivers!

There are speed limits — 30 or 40 miles per hour in or near towns in England and 70mph on motorways. The driver must wear a seat belt and so must the front seat passenger. Two yellow lines on the load mean no parking. One yellow line means parking is restiicted. In some big towns the car may be clamped and towed away if it is parked illegally. It is very expensive to get the car back. All the rules and regulations on driving are fully described in The Highway Code.

Petrol stations or garages are often self-service. The driver can select 4 star (super), unleaded petrol or diesel from the automatic pump and pay the cashier. If the pump is not automatic there is an attendant to help.

Words and expressions

to drive (drove, driven)		вести (машину), ехать
to drive a car		вести машину
film		диплом
latest		последний
award	[@'wþd]	награда, приз
to win (won, won)		выигрывать
winner		победитель, призер
Leicester Square		Лестер-Сквер Площадь в
		Лондоне, на которой и
		вблизи которой находит­
		ся много театров, киноте­
		атров и ресторанов В
		старину здесь часто уст­
		раивались дуэли.
through	[Trü]	через
the Strand		Стрэнд. Одна из главных
		улиц Лондона, соеди­
		няющая Уэст-Энд и Си­
		ти. в старину улица шла
		вдоль Темзы.
cathedral	[k@'TIdr@]	собор
St Paul's Cathedral (=St.		Собор Св. Павла Глав­
Paul)		ный собор английской
		церкви Построен архи­
		тектором К. Реном в
		1657-1710 после Вели­
		кого лондонского пожара.
majestic		величественный
to overtake		обгонять
roundabouts		развязка (дорожная)
accustomed	[@'köst@md]	привычный
to be accustomed to		привычный к чему-либо
something
jam		пробка (автомобильная)
syn traffic jam
to be in a traffic jam		попасть в пробку
finally		наконец, в конце концов
bygones	['baIgons]	прошлый
Let bygones be bygones		Кто старое помянит, тому
		глаз вон
narrow		узкий
speed		скорость
speed limit		предел скорости
front		передний
to restrict		ограничивать
to clamp		зажимать
to tow away		отбуксировать
illegal		незаконный
illegally		незаконно
to describe		описывать
highway		шоссе
code		код
petrol	['petr@]	бензин
petrol station		бензозаправочная станция
syn garage
to select		выбирать, отбирать
super		первоклассный
lead		свинец
unleaded		без свинца
diesel		горючее
automatic	[,þt@'m{tIk]	автоматический
pump		ПОСОЛ
cashier	[k{'SI@]	кассир
attendant		служитель

 

Exercises

1. Find the answers in the text:

Where did the participants plan to go that evening?

Was it an ordinary film?

How much free time did they have before the film?

Did they go sightseeing by tube?

Did they talk with Mr. Hill during the ride?

About what did they speak?

2. Use the verbs in the right forms:

There (is, are) different speed limits in towns and on motorways in England.

Two yellow lines on the load (to mean) no parking.

One yellow line (to mean) parking (to restrict).

I know that when you (to be) in Russia you (to hire) a car and (to drive) it a few days. (to be) it very difficult to drive on the right?

Oh, it (to be) very difficult at first.

It was especially difficult when I (to want) to overtake

But the hardest (to be) roundabouts.

We, Englishmen always (to drive) on the left.

3. Insert prepositions:

One .. the evenings they decided to go .. the cinema. .. the film was to start they had an hour... their disposal.

They decided to have a ride. . London. . Mr. Hill's car.

We might have a ride . this entertainment area... Leicester Square.

The Strand is famous .. its rich hotels.

We could also drive... St Paul's Cathedral.

4. Insert articles:

The Cathedral looks majestic in... evenings lights.

Let's start ... journey.

When you drove in Russia, did you always find... ways very easily?

Once I was in... tiaffic jam for... hour

5. Underline the modal verbs and translate the sentences into Russian:

The driver must wear a seat belt.

The front seat passenger must also wear a seat belt.

You must be all very good drivers.

In big cities the car may be clamped and towed away.

Before the film was to start they had an hour at their disposal.

What would you like to see?

We would be glad to see all that.

And what would you recommend?

I wouldn't say so.

I should let bygones be bygones.

We might have a ride through this area.

Then we could also drive to the Cathedral.

6. Make sentenses:

St Paul's Cathedral		majestic
it		fantastic
Leicester Square	is	fascinating
the Strand	looks	wonderful
Big Ben	seems	beautiful
Westminster	was	colouful
the City		curious
Trafalgar Square		distinctive
Madame Tussaud's		impressive
		superb
		super

 

7. Complete the dialogues and act out similar ones:

•

— What woud you like to see during...

— And... recommend?

— We might... Leicester Square and... the Strand... hotels. Then... Cathedral. It looks...

— We would be glad...

— Then let's start...

•

— By the... I know that when you were in... hired... drove... Was it very...

— Oh... at first. It was... to concentrate especiaially when... over­take But the hardest were... Well, you know, we, Englishmen, have always, and are accustomed...

— Did you ... the ways .

— I wouldn't... Once... leirible. I was in... and... lost. But finally... all right. I .. bygones.

8. Complete the disjunctive questions:

The streets of London are very narrow...

The cars and buses move fast in London...

There are speed limits in towns...

There are speed limits on motorways...

The speed limits are not very high..

You have never driven on the left...

9. Make sentences:

The speed limit is	30km.	per hour	in town	in England
	70km		on motorway	in Russia
	90km.
	60km.
	110km.

 

Sum up what the dialogue and the text said about driving in Britain.

Role play.

Imagine you are speaking with an English businessman. Discuss:

• traffic jams

• speed limits

• parking facilities etc.

Unit forty four

Windsor and Eton

Text

On Sunday morning the group started on an excursion for Windsor by coach.

Windsor lies 34 km west of London and is famous, first and foremost for Windsor Castle, the residence of the royal family Many parts of this historic castle are open to the public while some other parts are always closed and some are closed when the royal family is in residence.

The site of Windsor Castle was fust defended by William the Conqueror in 1070 and for the next 900 years the building was con­tinually enlarged, growing from a medieval castle to a vast and com­plex royal palace.

The most impressive of all the castle buildings is St. Geoige's Chapel, a masterpiece of perpendicular Gothic architecture. The State Apartments, which are closed to the public, comprise 16 rooms, and each is a treasure house of superb furniture, porcelain, and armour The rooms are decorated with carvings by Grinling, Gibbons, ceilings by Venio and works from the royal collections. They include Van Dyck's paintings

The star attraction, open to the public, is Queen Mary's Doll's House, designed by Sir Edwin Lutyens and given to the nation in 1923. The furnishings are designed at one-twelfth lifesize.

Part of Windsor Central Railway Station has now been converted to a waxworks museum iun by Madame Tussaud's, recreating the scene in 1879 when a special train arrived here to celebrate Queen Victoria's Diamond Jubilee. Queen Victoria, the longest ruling monarch in Britain, who lived in 1837-1901, symbolises the unity of the nation, the British Empire and the progress of the nation in the nineteenth centuiy.

After visiting Windsor the group walked to Eton. They went along Thames Street from Windsor Castle down to the river, where Windsor Bridge took them to Eton, Windsor's twin town, on the northern bank. Eton is the home of Eton college, the public school that has produced no fewer than 20 prime ministers. It was term time and they saw a lot of students around, dressed in their distinctive tail coats and wing collars.

Words and expressions

Windsor		Виндзор. Небольшой го­род, муниципальный центр, население около 30,000 чел
Eton		Итон, маленький городок напротив Виндзора
to lie (lay, lied)		лежать, находиться
west		запад
first and foremost		прежде всего
castle	[k¸sl]	замок
Windsor Castle		Виндзорский замок. Одна из загородных резеден-ций английской короле­вы /короля
residence		резиденция
to be in residence		находиться в своей рези­денции
public		публика, народ
to be open to the public		открыт для посетителей
William the Conqueror		Вильгельм Завоеватель (1027—1087). Будучи гер­цогом Нормандии разбил под Гастингсом англий­ские войска в 1066 г. и стал королем Англии
to enlarge		расширять
medieval		средневековый
vast		обширный
complex		комплекс
palace		дворец
chapel		часовня
masterpiece		шедевр
perpendicular	[,pýp@n'dIkjul@]	перпендикулярный
Gothic		готический
architecture	['¸kItektS@]	архитектура
state		государственный
apartment		комната, (Ам.) квартира
treasure		сокровище
furniture	['fýnItS@]	мебель
porcelain		фарфор
armour		вооружение, доспехи
to decorate		украшать
carving		разная работа
ceiling	['sÖlIÎ]	потолок
works		работы (произведения искусства)
collection		коллекция
painting		картина
doll		кукла
to design		задумывать, проектиро­
		вать
furnishings		меблировка
lifesize		натуральная величина
at one-twelfth lifesize		1/12 реального масштаба
to convert		превращать
waxworks		восковые фигуры
to recreate	['rekrIeIt]	воссоздать
scene		сцена
diamond		бриллиант
jubilee	[,³übIl'Ö]	юбилей
to celebrate diamond ju­bilee		праздновать бриллианто­вый юбилей
to rule		править
monarch		монарх
to symbolise		символизировать
unity		единство
empire		империя
progress		прогресс
to walk		идти пешком
bank		берег
on the bank		на берегу
northern bank		северный берег
southern bank		южный берег
college	['kolI³]	колледж
Eton colledge		Итон-колледж
public school		частная школа
Eton public school=Eton college=Eton		Итон (одна из девяти престижных частных школ Англии)
no fewer than		не менее (чем)
prime minister		премьер министр
term		семестр
student		студент
to dress		одевать
to be dressed		одеваться
tail coat		фрак
wing collar		стоячий воротник с отво­
		ротами

 

Exercises

1. Insert prepositions:

Sunday morning the group started... an excursion .. Windsor ... coach.

Windsor lies 34 km west... London.

Windsor is famous first and foremost. the Windsor Casle.

Many parts of the Castle are open . the public

Some parts are closed when the royal family is residence.

The site Windsor Castle was first defended .. William the Conqueror 1070.

2. Insert articles:

... most impressive of all... castle buildings is St. Georege's Chapel, ... masterpiece of perpendicular Gothic architecture

... state apartments, which are always closed to... public comprise 16 rooms

Each room is treasure house of superb furniture, porcelain and armour.

... rooms are decorated with carvings by famous artists

star attraction open to . public is Queen Mary's Doll House.

3. Choose the correct form:

The site of Windsor (defended, was defended) by William the Conqueror

The building of the Castle (enlarged, was enlarged) continually.

The rooms (decorated, are decorated) with carvings by famous artists.

The furnishings of the Doll's House (design, are designed} at one-twelfth lifesize

Part of the Railway Station (has converted, has been converted) to a waxworks museum

The museum recreates the scene in 1879 when a special train (has arrived, arrived) here to celebrate Queen Victoria's Diamond Jubilee

4. Match the names of famous figures and their contributions into the history:

Queen Victoria Madame Tussaud	He designed the Doll's House for Queen Mary.
Grinlin Van Dyke Sir Edwin Lutyens William the Conqueror	She contributed a lot to the unity and progress of the nation in the nineteenth century. She was the first to establish a wax-works museum.
	He is famous for his superb carvings.
	He is famous for his master-pieces in
	painting.
	He defended Windsor in 1070.

 

5. Read as in the example:

• Example

in ten seventy

 

 

6. Complete the sentences:

In 1070 William the Conqueror ...

Queen Victoria was born in...

She died in... at the age of...

In 1879 she arrived in Windsor to celebrate...

In 1923 the Doll's House of Windsor Casle was given to...

7. Translate into Russian:

For the next 900 years the Castle was continuously enlarged growing from a medieval castle to a vast and complex royal palace.

Part of the Railway Station has been converted to a waxworks museum recreating the scene of Queen Victoria's arrival in Windsor.

8. Sum up what the text said about:

Queen Victoria

the history of Windsor Castle

the decorations of the Castle

the Doll's House

the places of the Castle open to the public.

9. Find the answers in the text:

Is Eton far away from Windsor?

How did the participants get there?

What famous college has it got?

How many English prime ministers graduated from Eton?

How are Eton students usually dressed?

Did the participants see any students in the streets of Eton?

Wasit term time?

10. Complete the disjunctive questions:

After visiting Windsor the participants walked to Eton...

They went down to the river and crossed it over the bridge...

Eton is Windsor's twin town...

Eton is the home of Eton college...

About 22 British prime ministers graduated from Eton college...

Eton students wear very curious clothes...

You have never seen Eton students...

Role play.

Imagine you are speaking with an Englishman who is living in Windsor. Ask him a few questions about Windsor and Eton.

Unit forty five

Payments in international trade

Text

On Monday morning the participants resumed their work and listened to the lecture on payments in international trade.

Here is a part of the lecture:

With any form of international trade it is essential to ensure that payment will be received in accordance with the terms of the un­derlying commercial contract. The most secure and established methods of settling international trade transactions are:

• by documentary letters of credit and

• by documentary collection bills.

Documentary letters of credit are opened by the importer's bank with a bank in the exporter's country, usually the importing bank's correspondent in the exporting country. Exporters submit to the bank in their country all the shipping, insurance and other docu­ments specified in the letter of credit issued by the importer's bank. If the documents are in order the bank in the exporting country will credit the exporters with the proceeds. The proceeds are reim­bursed-by the importer's bank in due course.

Documentary collection bills are presented to the importer's bank or its correspondent by the exporters together with all the shipping, insurance and other documents, specified in the contract. If the documents are in order the importers instruct their bank to pay and they collect the shipping documents then.

There are a few ways of transferring money from bank to bank. In the recent past these ways were:

• mail transfers and

• telegraphic transfers.

Now these two types of messages are practically replaced by SWIFT messages. SWIFT stands for the Society for Worldwide Inter­bank Financial Telecommunication. It is a network serving now more than 3,000 banks in about 100 countries. It speeds up payment messages between banks immensely. If sending and receiving banks are both 'logged-in', a message can be delivered in under 20 seconds. Over 1 million messages are sent every day via the computers of SWIFT and its member banks.

The role of correspondent banks is permanently growing. They facilitate and expedite international payments. A correspondent bank is one which carries a deposit balance for another bank lo­cated in another city or country and engages in an exchange of services with that bank.

Words and expressions

essential	[I'senS]	важный, значительный
it is essential to do something		необходимо/важно сде­лать ...
to ensure		обеспечить
in accordance with ...		в соответствии с ...
underlying		лежащий в основе
secure		надежный
established		широко используемый, утвердившийся
method		способ, метод
to settle		оплатить
documentary		документарный, с при­
		ложением отгрузочных
		документов
collection bill		инкассовое поручение: бан­ковский документ — инст­рукция получить платеж в краткий установленный срок или в пределах дан­ного срока получить обос­нованный отказ платель­щика от платежа
to submit		представлять, передавать
to issue	['Isjü]	выпускать, открывать
to credit somebody with something		кредитовать кого-либо чего-либо
exporter		экспортер
proceeds		средства, выручка
to reimburse	[,rÖ:Im'býs]	возмещать, платить
due		должный, причитающийся
in due course		должным образом
to present		представлять, предъявлять
together with		вместе с
to be in order		быть в порядке
in the recent past		в недавнем прошлом
mail		почта
mail transfer		почтовый перевод
to replace		заменять
SWIFT	[swIft]	СВИФТ — Международ­ное общество межбанков­
		ских (финансовых) теле­
		коммуникаций
to stand for		обозначать
wordwide		всемирный
to speed up		ускорять
to be logged-in		(тех) быть включенным в
		систему
second		секунда
member		участник, член
member bank		банк, вошедший в/ под­ключившийся к СВИФТ