Franchising is a system of business that has grown steadily in the last 50 years and is estimated to account for more than one-third of the world’s retail sales. There are few of us now who are not touched by the results of franchising. Franchising is not restricted just to fast food outlets and gardening contractors. There are now franchises for mentoring managers and sportspeople and franchises for internet shopping. Why, over the last 10 to 20 years, has franchising become the fastest growing way of doing business in just about every country in the world?
Franchising may be defined as a business arrangement which allows for the reputation (goodwill), innovation, technical know-how and expertise of the innovator (franchisor) to be combined with the energy, industry and investment of another party (franchisee) to conduct the business of providing and selling of goods and services. In franchising, a franchiser by building a successful brand through marketing, good practice and innovation creates goodwill which is utilised by the franchisees to further add value to the business. The franchisor in order to successfully impart his knowledge and to assist franchisees will communicate his methods via basic operating procedures manual, quality assurance manuals and training manuals. The franchisee will undoubtedly pay for this attractive force and the immediate customer recognition that it brings to a “new” business in the franchise arrangement.
There are a number of reasons why franchises have become the fastest growing way of doing business but the most worthy explanation is that franchising and franchises are simply filling a market need. The 1980’s and 1990’s brought radical changes to the employment market and the way people worked. A series of oil-shocks and severe stock market corrections, a freeing up of the world economy, reduction in subsidies, government deregulation and downsizing has thrust into the job market capable, energetic and resourceful people who want to work for themselves.
The main advantage of owning a franchise is the feeling of freedom that being self-employed brings. Owning a franchise should also provide a semi-monopoly environment in which to conduct business in a particular area. Generally, there is also a ready-made customer base. Besides, you usually have exclusive rights in your territory. The franchisor won't sell any other franchises in the same territory. And financing the business may be easier. Banks are sometimes more likely to lend money to buy a franchise with a good reputation. A franchise also offers the franchisee the ability to capitalise on the know-how and systems that have been proven to be successful. The quality of the product or service provided is therefore in many ways guaranteed.
1. Определите, является ли утверждение « Financial crises changed the structure of employment »:{
~Истинным
~Ложным
~В тексте нет информации }
2. Определите, является ли утверждение « The franchisor doesn’t help you setting up the business»:{
~Истинным
~Ложным
~В тексте нет информации }
3. Определите, является ли утверждение «Franchising will continue to be most popular way of doing business »:{
~Истинным
~Ложным
~В тексте нет информации }
4. Укажите, какому из абзацев текста (1,2,3,4) соответствует следующая идея: Benefits that a franchise may offer to a franchisee{
~3
~1
~4
~2}
5. Укажите, какому из абзацев текста (1,2,3,4) соответствует следующая идея: Franchises have become so popular because they have satisfied the requirements of the market{
~2
~1
~4
~3}
6. Ответьте на вопрос: What does a franchisor mean ?{
~It’s an organization that sells its knowledge and business practice to another party
~It’s someone who pays a royalty and often an initial fee for the right to do business
~It’s the bank that lends money to buy a franchise
~It’s someone who has a trademark or a business system}
7. Определите основную идею текста.{
~Things to be aware of when choosing a franchise
~What makes a good franchise
~The difference between License and Franchise agreement
~Benefits from a franchise}
Leadership Styles for a good leader.
Leadership is a process whereby an individual influences a group of individuals to achieve a common goal. One of the ways for leaders to carry out this process is to use leadership styles. Leadership style is the manner and approach of providing direction, implementing plans, and motivating people. Kurt Lewin (1939) led a group of researchers to identify different styles of leadership. This early study has been very influential and established three major leadership styles:
Authoritarian or autocratic
Participative or democratic
Delegative or Free Reign
Authoritarian (autocratic)
This style is used when leaders tell their employees what they want to be done and how they want it to be accomplished, without getting the advice of their followers. Some of the appropriate conditions to use it is when the leader has all the information to solve the problem, he is short of time, and his employees are well motivated. Some people tend to think of this style as a vehicle for yelling, using demeaning language, and leading by threats and abusing their power. This is not the authoritarian style, rather it is an abusive, unprofessional style called “bossing people around.”
Participative (democratic)
This style involves the leader including one or more employees in the decision making process (determining what to do and how to do it). However, the leader maintains the final decision making authority. Using this style is not a sign of weakness, it is rather a sign of strength that employees will respect. This is normally used when the leader has part of the information, and employees have other parts. A leader is not expected to know everything — this is why he employs knowledgeable and skillful employees. Using this style is of mutual benefit — it allows subordinates to become part of the team and allows the leader to make better decisions.
Delegative (free reign)
In this style, the leader allows the employees to make the decisions. However, the leader is still responsible for the decisions that are made. This is used when employees are able to analyze the situation and determine what needs to be done and how to do it. The leader must set priorities and delegate certain tasks. This style can be used when the leader fully trusts and is confident in people below. A good leader uses all three styles, depending on the situation.
1. Определите, является ли утверждение « Leadership is a process by wich a person influences others to accomplish an objective »:{
~Истинным
~Ложным
~В тексте нет информации }
2. Определите, является ли утверждение « Good leaders develop through a never ending process of self-study, education,training and experience»:{
~Истинным
~Ложным
~В тексте нет информации }
3. Определите, является ли утверждение «If a leader wants to get some advice from his employees,he should use the authoritarian (autocratic) style »:{
~Истинным
~Ложным
~В тексте нет информации }
4. Укажите, какому из абзацев текста (1,2,3,4) соответствует следующая идея: This strategy is used in companies where employees are highly knowledgeable and have the confidence to make right decisions{
~3
~1
~4
~2}
5. Укажите, какому из абзацев текста (1,2,3,4) соответствует следующая идея: This approach is used when the leader involves some of his subordinates in decision making process{
~2
~1
~4
~3}
6. Ответьте на вопрос: What is a leadership ?{
~It is the process of motivating people
~It is the process of delegating responsibility
~It is the process of making things done
~It is the process of influencing the group of people to achieve certain objective}
7. Определите основную идею текста.{
~There are as many different leadership styles as there are leaders
~The only way for a good leader to run his business in proper way is to use one of the leadership styles
~A good leader uses the right leadership style according to the situation
~Good leaders are made not born}
Ко всем 20 текстам относятся следующие типовые вопросы (задания):
1. определите, является ли утверждение:
2. определите, является ли утверждение:
3. определите, является ли утверждение:
4. укажите, какому из абзацев текста (1,2,3,4) соответствует следующая идея:
5. укажите, какому из абзацев текста (1,2,3,4) соответствует следующая идея:
6. ответьте на вопрос
7. определите основную идею текста.