Скелет туловища

Позвонки corpus, arcus, for, for. nutr., proc. spinosus, transv, artic sup&inf, for intervertebrale. Cervicales: for proc transv, sulcus n spinalis, tuberc ant,post. (4 - tuberc carot), vert. prominens. ATLAS:arcus ant,post, massa lat., tuberc ant, post. fovea dentis, facies art, sulcus a. vertebr. AXIS: dens, facies, apex dent., facies art dent. ant&post. Thoracicae: foveae costales sup,inf, foveae cost. proc. transversi Lumbales: proc. accessorius, mamillaris (сосцевидный)Os sacrum: basis, apex, fac. pelvica, fac. dorsalis, promontorium (мыс), lineae transversae, foramina sacralia pelvica. Crista sacr. mediana, intermedia, lateralis, foramina sacr. posteriora, pars lat., fac. auricularis, tuberositas sacralis, canalis sacralis, hiatus sacr, cornu sacrale. Coccyx: cornu coccygeum. Позвоночный столб60-75см, 33-34 позв. 5 отд: 7,12,5,5,3. C, L -лорд. Th, S-кифоз, canal. vertebr. V-V: disci intervertebrales, symphisis intervertebrales. lig longitudinale ant, post. дуги: ligg. flava. суст отростки: art intervertebr (lumbosacrales) - ligg interspanalia, lig supraspinale (nuche). попереч - ligg intertravsversaliaS-Co: art. sacrococcygea (lig sacrococ. lat, ventrale, dorsale superficiale, dorsale profund. M. splenius capitis, cervicis (a occipit, plex cervic), m erector spinae m. semispinalis, m multifidi, rotatores, interspinales, intertransversarii (a occipit, aa intercostales post, aa lumbales, зад. ветви ms). m obliquus ext, int abdominis (a circumflexa iliaca sup., n ilioinguinalis), m rect abd (a epigastrica sup, inf. n ilio-hypogastricus)Ребра и грудина:Costae: os costale, cart. costalis, verae, spuriae, fluctuantes. caput, crista capitis, collum, tuberculum (artic и связки), corpus, angulus, sulcus costae. I ребро: tuberc. musculi scaleni anterioris, sulc a. sublcaviae, sulc. v. subclaviae. Sternum: manubrium, incisura jugularis, angulus sterni, corpus sterni, incisurae costales, processus xiphoideus. Art costovertebr (art capitis costae, art costotransversaria - lig costotransv). Art. sternocostales (lig. sternocost radiata. ложные - art interchondrales. Груд. клетка: 12 реб. 12 позв, грудина. Органы. Apertura thorac. sup (Th1, manubrium, costa1. 5x12cm). Apertura th. inf. (Th12, proc xyphoid, costa. 15x26cm). Angulus infrasternalis. M. pect. maj, min (a thorac. int, n. pect med lat), serratus ant (n th. longus). mm intercost ext, int, subcost.,levatores costarum,serr post sup,inf(a intercost post, n intercost)Развитие черепа. роднички. fonticulus front, occipit, sphenoid, mastoideus. Размеры: 180x140mm. V=1500-2000cm3Os sphenoidaleCorpus, sinus, sella turcica, fossa hypophisialis, tuberc cellae, dorsum cellae, proc. clinoidei post., sulc. caroticus. Crista sph, rostrum sph, conchae sph, apertura sinus sph. Ala minor, canalis opticus, processus clinoideus ant, fissura orbit. sup. (III,IV,VI, n. opticus (V)). Ala major, for. rotundum, for. ovale, for. spinosum, fac. cerebralis, maxillaris, temporalis, orbitalis. Proc. pterygoid., canalis pteryg., lamina med&lat. fossa. Os temporalePars petrosa: apex pp. Fac Ant, canal. musculotubarius, tegmen tympani, impres-sio trigeminalis, hiatus&sulc n pertosi maj&min, sulc sinus petrosi superioris. Fac Post, porus&meatus acusticus int, apertura ext aqeductus vestibuli, sulc sin petr infer., apertura ext canaliculi cochleae. Fac Inf, fossa jugularis, for mastoid, inci-sura jug, foramen jugulare (на черепе), canalis caroticus, proc styloid, for stylo-mastoideum. Proc mastoid: incisura parietalis, mastoidea, sulc a. occipit, for mastoideum, sulc sinus sigmoidei, cellulae mast, antrium mastoideum. Pars tympanica: porus&meatus acust. ext., fissura tympanomastoidea, typano-squamosa, petrosquamosa, petrotympanica (chorda tympani)Pars squamosa: sulc a. tempor mediae, proc zygomat, fossa mandibularis, tuberc articulare, impressiones digitae, sulci arteriosi. Can. caroticus (basis cranii ext - apex par. petrosa=a. carotica int, plex. car)Can. musc-tub (semican. m. tensori tympani+semi. tubae audit. =cavum tymp)Can. facialis (дно meat. acust. - for. stylomast = n. facial)Can. chord. tymp (от can fac. - cavum tymp. =chord. tymp (ветвь VII)MaxillaCorpus: sinus max. Fac Ant, margo infraorbit, for infraorbit, fossa canina, incisura nasalis, spina nasalis ant. Fac Orbit, sulc&canalis infraorbitalis. Facies Infratemporalis, tuber maxillae, foramina alveolaria, canales alveolares, sulcus palatinus major. Fac Nasalis, sulc lacrimalis, crista conchalis. Proc frontalis: crista lacrimalis anterior, crista ethmoid. Proc zygomatiscus. Proc alveolaris: arcus alveolaris, alveoli dentales. Proc palatinus: canalis incisivus. Os palatinum (Lam horizontal: образование palatum osseum. Lam perpendicul: sulc palatin. major, canalis palat major, crista ethmoid, conchalis. Proc pyramidalis, orbitalis, shpenoidalis. два последних и тело sphen образуют for. spheno-palatinum) Concha nasalis inferior (сраст. с crista conchalis palatinum и maxilla; proc lacrimalis, maxill., ethmoid) Vomer (Lamina perpendicularis, alae vomeris)Os nasale (костная спинка носа, sulc. ethmoidalis для нерва) Os lacrimale (crista lacrim post, sulc. lacrimalis, fossa sacci lacrimalisOs zygomaticum proc frontalis, proc temporalis образует arcus zygomaticus. Fac. lat, fac tempor (перед стенка подвисоч. ямки), fac orbitalis (латеральная стенка глазницы), for. zygomaticoorbitale (наружу выходит через foramen zygomaticofaciale и zygomaticotemporale)MandibulaCorpus, basis m, pars alveolaris, alveoli dentales, tuberc. mentale, for. mentale, внутри fossa digastrica, sublingualis, submandibularis. Ramus, angulus, tubero-sitas masseterica, pterygoidea, for. mandibulare, canalis mand. sulc. mylohyoid., proc. coronoid, condylaris, incisura, fossa pterygoidea. Os hyoideum Corpus, cornua majora, cornua minora. Orbitacanal. opt, paries sup (os front, ala minor), p. med (proc. front maxillae, os ethm, corp os sph, os lacrim + fossa sacci lacrimalis, for. ethm post&ant, can nasolacrimalis), p. inf (fac orb maxil, os zyg), p. lat (ala major, proc front os zyg, proc zyg ossis front + fiss orbital. inferior). Basis cranii internafor ethmoid (av eth, I); can. opt(a. opt, II); fiss orb. sup (a menin. ant, v orb. sup, III,IV, IV, n. opt); carot. int (a c. int, pl. venosus, pl. carot sympat); rotund. (n. maxil); spinosum (av mening. med, r. mening. n. maxill); ovale (r. acces a. mening, pl. venosus, n. mandibul); hiatus n. petrosi maj (r petros a. mening med, v acust, n. petrosus maj); hiat. n. petr. minor (r pymp. sup., n. petr. minor IX) porus acust. int(av labyrinti, VII, VIII); mastoid (r. mening. a. occip); jugul (a mening post, v jug. int, IX, X, XI, r. mening X); magnum (a vertebr, plex basillaris, med. spinal), hypogloss. Basis cranii externaovale (r access a mening med, n mandibul V, plex ven), spinosum (, carotic. ext, canal. mastoid (r acust X), jugulare, magnum, stylomastoid (av stylomastoid, VII);Cavum nasiSeptum nasi osseum, apert. pirif, choannae, p. sup (нос. кости, p. nasalis os front., lamina cribr, corp. sph), p. inf (pr. palat maxil, lam horiz os palat), p. lat (p front maxil, os nasale, lacrimale, lam perpend os palat) Meatus nasalis sup, med (hiatus semilunaris-гайм. пазухa), inf(открыв. canal. nasolacr)Fossa pterygo-palatinaParies ant. -tuber max, p. sup - ala maj, p. post-pr. pteryg os sph, p. med - lam perpendicul. os palat. For. pteryg-palat (cav nasi), rotund (fos cranii med), can pterygoid (зад), canal. palat. major (cav oris), fiss. infraorbit(orbita)Scapula (angulus, margo, incisura, fac. costalis, posterior, spina, fossa infra-, supraspinata, acromion, fac. articul, proc. coracoideus, cav glenoidalis)Clavicula (corpus, extremitas sternalis et acromialis, fac. art., tub. conoid, linea trapezoidea)Humerus (collum anatomicum, chirurgicum, caput, tuberc. majus&minus, crista tuberculi min&maj, fac. post, anter med, anter lat, tuberositas. deltoid, sulc. n. radialis, condylus h, trochlea h, fossa coronoidea, epicondylus med, lat., sulcus nervi ulnaris)Ulna (inc trochlearis, olecranon, proc. coronoid, inc radialis, tuberos. u, caput u, proc styloid, circumferentia articularis)Radius (caput r, fovea art, circum. art, collum radii, tuberositas, inc ulnaris, proc. styloid, fac. art. carpalisCarpus (os scaphoid, lunatum, triquetrum, pisiforme; os trapezium, trapezoideum, capitatum, hamatum). Metacarpus (ossa m, basis, corpus, caput). Digiti (pollex, index, digit. medius, digitus anularis, digius minus)Femur (Caput, fovea capitis, collum f., trochanter maj, min. Corpus, linea aspera, labium med->linea pectinea, lat->tuberos. glutea. Condylus med,lat. fac patellar.)Patella: basis, apex, fac articul, fac anter. Tibia (Condyl. med,lat. fac atricul superior&fibularis. Corpus, margo ant: tuberos t., margo inteross, margo med. Fac post: linea m. solei. Incisura fibul. malleolus med, fac. articul inf.)Fibula (caput, fac atricul, collum. Corpus, 3 margo. Malleolus lat, fac art)Tarsus: Talus (caput, collum, trochlea tali. Proc past tali. Fac art calcanea) Calcaneus (tuber, fac art tali, cuboidea). Os naviculare. Ossa cuneiformia med, intermed, lat. Os cuboideum. Metatarsus. Ossa digitorum